Produção secundaria da macrofauna bentonica da praia de Atami - Parana - Brasil

Orientador: Carlos Alberto BorzoneA página 76 apresenta falha de caracteres em todos os exemplaresTese(doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Parana, Setor de Ciencias Biologica

Brazilian sandy beaches: characteristics, ecosystem services, impacts, knowledge and priorities

As praias brasileiras fornecem bens e serviços ecossistêmicos fundamentais, desempenhando papel importante para a manutenção de populações humanas e para a conservação da biodiversidade. Entretanto, apesar da sua importância ecológica e social, essas praias são amplamente impactadas por alterações humanas, turismo, poluição química e orgânica e mudanças climáticas globais. Esses fatores tornam urgente a melhor percepção e compreensão das mudanças ambientais nas praias brasileiras, assim como de suas consequências na biota. Com o objetivo de promover estudos integrados que possam detectar variações nas características das praias e de outros habitats bentônicos do litoral do Brasil, foi estabelecida a Rede de Monitoramento de Habitats Bentônicos Costeiros (ReBentos). Para fornecer subsídios para o planejamento amostral da ReBentos, realizamos um intenso levantamento sobre os estudos conduzidos nas praias brasileiras e sintetizamos o atual conhecimento relativo a esse ambiente. Os resultados do levantamento são apresentados no presente trabalho e demonstram as principais características físicas, biológicas e socioeconômicas dessas praias. A partir das informações, assim como de nossa experiência e de pesquisas realizadas em diversos países, apontamos estudos e medidas que devem ser considerados prioritários para a avaliação dos efeitos das mudanças regionais e globais sobre as praias brasileiras. Esperamos que esse trabalho possa fornecer subsídios para futuros estudos e que constitua um importante passo em direção à conservação das praias do Brasil e de sua biodiversidade.Sandy beaches constitute a key ecosystem and provide socioeconomic goods and services, thereby playing an important role in the maintenance of human populations and in biodiversity conservation. Despite the ecological and social importance of these ecosytems, Brazilian sandy beaches are significantly impacted by human interference, chemical and organic pollution and tourism, as well as global climate change. These factors drive the need to better understand the environmental change and its consequences for biota. To promote the implementation of integrated studies to detect the effects of regional and global environmental change on beaches and on other benthic habitats of the Brazilian coast, Brazilian marine researchers have established The Coastal Benthic Habitats Monitoring Network (ReBentos). In order to provide input for sample planning by ReBentos, we have conducted an intensive review of the studies conducted on Brazilian beaches and summarized the current knowledge about this environment. In this paper, we present the results of this review and describe the physical, biological and socioeconomics features of Brazilian beaches. We have used these results, our personal experience and worldwide literature to identify research projects that should be prioritized in the assessment of regional and global change on Brazilian sandy beaches. We trust that this paper will provide insights for future studies and represent a significant step towards the conservation of Brazilian beaches and their biodiversity

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Zonação e variação temporal da macrofauna bentônica da praia arenosa de Barrancos-PR

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Norton Mattos GianucaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - ZoologiaInclui referências: p. 42-47Resumo: A macrofauna da praia arenosa de Barrancos (Paraná) foi estudada de janeiro de 1987 a janeiro de 1988, através de coletas mensais efetuadas desde a base das dunas até o infralitoral, após a primeira arrebentação. O sedimento foi constituído por areias finas (diâmetro médio de 0,150 mm), muito bem selecionadas, mais finas e melhor selecionadas próximo às dunas. A praia apresentou um perfil côncavo, com inclinação suave de 1/47 a 1/32, mais acentuada próximo ao supralitoral e mais suave próximo ao infralitoral, mais dissipativo no inverno e refletivo no verão. Foram coletadas 68 espécies, com predomínio dos crustáceos. No mediolitoral houve uma constância na composição das espécies dominantes. Ocorreu uma variação na densidade, como provável reflexo do recrutamento de espécies entre o final do inverno e o fim da primavera. A fauna foi dominada por detritívoros. Foram definidas quatro zonas no mediolitoral, apesar dos limites não terem sido nítidos, com Bledius bonariensis e Orchestoidea brasiliensis na zona de ressecamento; Tholozodium rhombofrontalis, Euzonus furciferus e Excirolana armata na zona de retenção; Scolelepis squamata, Phoxocephalopsis zimmeri e Donax hanleyanus na zona de ressurgência e Donax gemmula, Bathyporeiapus ruffoi, Hemipodus olivieri, Lepidora richmondi, Pinnixa patagoniensis, Puelche sp e Hastula cinerea na zona de saturação. Foram definidas as regiões superior e inferior a estas zonas: a) a zona de aerossol marinho, coberta pela vegetação, caracterizada por insetos fitófagos e b) a cava ente a praia e o primeiro banco, caracterizada principalmente por Mellita quinquiesperforata e Macrochiridothea giambiagiae.Abstract: The benthic macrofauna of an exposed sandy beach was studied, from the inner surf zone to the base of primary dunes, in Barrancos, Paraná State (SE Brazil), from January 1987 to January 1988. The sediment consisted of well sorted fine sand, with a mean grain size of 0.150 mm. Deposits were finer and better selected near the dunes. The beach profile was concave with a slope from 1/47 to 1/32, steeper near the supralittoral and more flat near the infralittoral. The beach was more dissipative in the winter and more reflective in the summer. The total number of species was 68, with a dominance of crustaceans. Four midlittoral zones were identified, although their limits were not clear: a dry sand zone characterized by Bledius bonariensis and Orchestoidea brasiliensis; a retention zone by Tholozodium rhombofrontalis, Euzonus furciferus and Excirolana armata; a resurgence zone by Scolelepis squamata, Phoxocephalopsis zimmeri and Donax hanleyanus, and a saturation zone by Donax gemmula, Bathyporeyapus ruffoi, Hemipodus olivieri, Lepidopa richmondi, Pinnixa patagoniensis, Puelche sp and Hastula cinerea. Two interface zones were characterized: a) a spray zone, covered by dune vegetation, where phytophagous insects are dominant, b) the trough between the beach and the first bar, with the occurrence of Mellita quinquiesperforata and macrocbiridothea giambiagiae. The midlittoral association species was constant in composition. Significant variation in midlittoral species density occurred, suggesting a species recruitment between later winter and later spring. Detritivorous species, such as S. squamata, E. armata and E. furciferus, were dominant in the upper midlittoral zones

Zonação e variação temporal da macrofauna bentônica da praia arenosa de Barrancos-PR

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Norton Mattos GianucaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - ZoologiaInclui referências: p. 42-47Resumo: A macrofauna da praia arenosa de Barrancos (Paraná) foi estudada de janeiro de 1987 a janeiro de 1988, através de coletas mensais efetuadas desde a base das dunas até o infralitoral, após a primeira arrebentação. O sedimento foi constituído por areias finas (diâmetro médio de 0,150 mm), muito bem selecionadas, mais finas e melhor selecionadas próximo às dunas. A praia apresentou um perfil côncavo, com inclinação suave de 1/47 a 1/32, mais acentuada próximo ao supralitoral e mais suave próximo ao infralitoral, mais dissipativo no inverno e refletivo no verão. Foram coletadas 68 espécies, com predomínio dos crustáceos. No mediolitoral houve uma constância na composição das espécies dominantes. Ocorreu uma variação na densidade, como provável reflexo do recrutamento de espécies entre o final do inverno e o fim da primavera. A fauna foi dominada por detritívoros. Foram definidas quatro zonas no mediolitoral, apesar dos limites não terem sido nítidos, com Bledius bonariensis e Orchestoidea brasiliensis na zona de ressecamento; Tholozodium rhombofrontalis, Euzonus furciferus e Excirolana armata na zona de retenção; Scolelepis squamata, Phoxocephalopsis zimmeri e Donax hanleyanus na zona de ressurgência e Donax gemmula, Bathyporeiapus ruffoi, Hemipodus olivieri, Lepidora richmondi, Pinnixa patagoniensis, Puelche sp e Hastula cinerea na zona de saturação. Foram definidas as regiões superior e inferior a estas zonas: a) a zona de aerossol marinho, coberta pela vegetação, caracterizada por insetos fitófagos e b) a cava ente a praia e o primeiro banco, caracterizada principalmente por Mellita quinquiesperforata e Macrochiridothea giambiagiae.Abstract: The benthic macrofauna of an exposed sandy beach was studied, from the inner surf zone to the base of primary dunes, in Barrancos, Paraná State (SE Brazil), from January 1987 to January 1988. The sediment consisted of well sorted fine sand, with a mean grain size of 0.150 mm. Deposits were finer and better selected near the dunes. The beach profile was concave with a slope from 1/47 to 1/32, steeper near the supralittoral and more flat near the infralittoral. The beach was more dissipative in the winter and more reflective in the summer. The total number of species was 68, with a dominance of crustaceans. Four midlittoral zones were identified, although their limits were not clear: a dry sand zone characterized by Bledius bonariensis and Orchestoidea brasiliensis; a retention zone by Tholozodium rhombofrontalis, Euzonus furciferus and Excirolana armata; a resurgence zone by Scolelepis squamata, Phoxocephalopsis zimmeri and Donax hanleyanus, and a saturation zone by Donax gemmula, Bathyporeyapus ruffoi, Hemipodus olivieri, Lepidopa richmondi, Pinnixa patagoniensis, Puelche sp and Hastula cinerea. Two interface zones were characterized: a) a spray zone, covered by dune vegetation, where phytophagous insects are dominant, b) the trough between the beach and the first bar, with the occurrence of Mellita quinquiesperforata and macrocbiridothea giambiagiae. The midlittoral association species was constant in composition. Significant variation in midlittoral species density occurred, suggesting a species recruitment between later winter and later spring. Detritivorous species, such as S. squamata, E. armata and E. furciferus, were dominant in the upper midlittoral zones

Effects of PAHs on meiofauna from three estuaries with different levels of urbanization in the South Atlantic

Estuarine environments are suggested to be the final receivers of human pollution and are impacted by surrounding urbanization and compounds carried by the river waters that flow from the continent. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the contaminants that can reach estuaries and can directly affect marine conservation, being considered highly deleterious to organisms living in these environments. This research investigated the meiofauna of three estuaries exposed to different levels of urbanization and consequently different levels of PAH concentrations, in order to assess how these compounds and environmental factors affect the distribution, structure and diversity of these interstitial invertebrates. A total of 15 major meiofauna groups were identified, with Nematoda being the dominant taxon (74.64%), followed by Copepoda (9.55%) and Polychaeta (8.56%). It was possible to observe significant differences in all diversity indices studied in the estuaries. With the exception of average density, the diversity indices (richness, Shannon index and evenness) were higher in the reference estuary, Goiana estuarine system (GES). On the other hand, the Timbó estuarine system (TES) had the lowest Shannon index value and richness, while the Capibaribe estuarine system (CES) had the lowest evenness value. The latter two estuaries (TES and CES) presented intermediate and high levels of urbanization, respectively. The ecological quality assessment (EcoQ) in the studied estuaries was classified from Poor to Moderate and the estuary with the lowest demographic density in its surroundings, GES, showed a better ecological quality (Moderate EcoQ). A significant distance-based multivariate linear modelling regression (DistLM) was observed between the environmental variables and the density of the meiobenthic community, where PAHs and pH were the main contributors to organism variation. The sediments were characterized by predominance of very fine sand and silt-clay in the most polluted environments, while the control site environment (GES) was dominated by medium grains. The highest concentrations of PAHs were found in the most urbanized estuaries, and directly affected the structure of the interstitial benthic community. The metrics used in the present study proved to be adequate for assessing the environmental quality of the investigated estuaries